Mu 3500 mbere ya Yesu, Abanyamisiri ba kera bahimbye ikirahure.Kuva icyo gihe, mu ruzi rurerure rwamateka, ikirahuri kizahora kigaragara haba mubikorwa ndetse nikoranabuhanga cyangwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi.Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by ibirahure byagaragaye nyuma yikindi, kandi inzira yo gukora ibirahuri nayo ihora itera imbere.
Ikirahuri gikunze gukoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi niterambere ryiterambere kubera gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi no kohereza urumuri rwiza, nkibikoresho bisanzwe bipimisha, flasks, nibikoresho.Irakoreshwa kandi mubipfunyika kubera imiti ihanitse kandi ihumeka neza.ibiyobyabwenge.Mugihe ikirahuri gikoreshwa cyane, icyifuzo cyo gushyiramo ibirahuri hamwe ninyuguti zikomokaho byatangiye gukurura abantu buhoro buhoro.
Gushushanya bisanzwe ku kirahure birimo: uburyo bwo gushushanya imitako, ni ukuvuga, gukoresha imiti ya chimique-etchant kugirango yonone kandi ishushanye ikirahure, icyuma cyandikishijwe intoki, gushushanya umubiri hejuru yikirahure hamwe nicyuma kidasanzwe cyo gushushanya, hamwe na lazeri yerekana imashini.
Kuki kuranga ibirahuri bigoye?
Nkuko twese tubizi, ikirahure gifite intege nke, ni ukuvuga ko ari ibicuruzwa byoroshye.Kubwibyo, niba inzira igoye gutahura iyi mpamyabumenyi mugihe cyo gutunganya ibirahure, gutunganya bidakwiye bizatera ibikoresho guseswa.Nubwo lazeri ishobora gutunganya neza ibikoresho bitandukanye, ariko niba lazeri yaratoranijwe cyangwa igakoreshwa nabi, bizatera gutunganya bitoroshye.
Ibi ni ukubera ko iyo lazeri ibaye ku kirahure, igice cyumucyo kizagaragarira hejuru, ikindi gice kikanyuzwa muburyo butaziguye.Iyo lazeri iranga hejuru yikirahure, harasabwa ubucucike bukomeye bwingufu, ariko niba ubwinshi bwingufu ari nyinshi cyane, gucika cyangwa no gukata bizabaho;kandi niba ingufu zingana ari nke cyane, bizatera utudomo kurohama cyangwa ntibishobora guhurizwa neza hejuru.Birashobora kugaragara ko no gukoresha laseri mugutunganya ibirahure bigoye.
Nigute wakemura ikibazo cyo kuranga ibirahure?
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hakenewe isesengura ryihariye ryibibazo byihariye.Ikimenyetso cyubuso bwikirahure kirashobora kugabanywamo ibimenyetso hejuru yikirahure kigoramye no gushira hejuru yikirahure.
-Kuranga ikirahure
Impamvu zigira ingaruka: Gutunganya ibirahuri bigoramye bizagerwaho nubuso bugoramye.Imbaraga zo hejuru ya lazeri, uburyo bwo gusikana n'umuvuduko wa galvanometero, umwanya wanyuma wibanze, ubujyakuzimu bwibanze bwikibanza hamwe nurwego rwerekanwe byose bizagira ingaruka kumikorere yikirahure kigoramye.
Imikorere yihariye: Cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutunganya, uzasanga ingaruka zo gutunganya inkombe yikirahure ari mbi cyane, cyangwa nta ngaruka namba.Ibi ni ukubera ko ubujyakuzimu bwibanze bwurumuri ruba ruto.
M², ingano yikibanza, lens lens, nibindi bizagira ingaruka kubwimbitse.Kubwibyo, laser ifite ubuziranenge bwiza bwibiti hamwe nubugari bwagutse bugomba guhitamo.
-Kuranga ikirahure
Ibintu bigira ingaruka: imbaraga zimpanuka, ubunini bwanyuma bwibanze, hamwe n'umuvuduko wa galvanometero bizagira ingaruka kumikorere yikirahure kibase.
Imikorere yihariye: Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mugutunganya ni uko mugihe laseri zisanzwe zikoreshwa mukumenyekanisha ibirahuri bisize, hashobora kubaho gutobora mu kirahure.Ibi biterwa nuko imbaraga zimpinga ziri hasi cyane kandi ubwinshi bwingufu ntabwo bwibanze cyane.
Imbaraga zimpanuka ziterwa nubugari bwa pulse ninshuro.Kugabanya ubugari bwa pulse, munsi yumurongo nubushobozi bwo hejuru.Ubucucike bwingufu bugira ingaruka kumiterere ya M2 nubunini bwaho.
Incamake: Ntabwo bigoye kubona ko niba ari ikirahure kiringaniye cyangwa ikirahure kigoramye, laseri zifite imbaraga nziza zo hejuru hamwe na M2 ibipimo bigomba guhitamo, bishobora kunoza neza imikorere yo gutunganya ibirahuri.
Niyihe lazeri nziza yo gushiraho ibirahuri?
Lazeri ya Ultraviolet ifite ibyiza bisanzwe mubikorwa byo gutunganya ibirahure.Uburebure bwayo bugufi, ubugari bwa pulse bugufi, ingufu zegeranye, gukemura cyane, umuvuduko wihuse wurumuri, irashobora gusenya byimazeyo imiti yimiti yibintu, kuburyo ishobora gukonjeshwa itunganijwe idashyushye hanze, kandi ntihazabaho guhindura ibishushanyo kandi imyandikire yumukara nyuma yo gutunganywa.Igabanya cyane isura yibicuruzwa bifite inenge mubikorwa byinshi byo kwerekana ibirahure kandi birinda guta umutungo.
Ingaruka nyamukuru yerekana imashini ya UV laser yerekana ni ugusenya mu buryo butaziguye urunigi rwa molekile yibintu binyuze muri lazeri ngufi-itandukanye (bitandukanye no guhumeka kw'ibintu byo hejuru byakozwe na lazeri ndende kugira ngo bigaragaze ibintu byimbitse) kugirango bigaragaze icyitegererezo hamwe ninyandiko igomba gushyirwaho.Ahantu hibandwa ni hato cyane, irashobora kugabanya imiterere yimiterere yibikoresho ku rugero runini kandi ikagira ingaruka nke zo gutunganya ubushyuhe, bukwiriye cyane cyane kubaza ibirahure.
Kubwibyo, imashini ya marike ya BEC UV nigikoresho cyiza cyo gutunganya ibikoresho byoroshye kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mubirango byerekana ibirahure.Ibishushanyo byayo byerekanwe na laser, nibindi, birashobora kugera kurwego rwa micron, bifite akamaro kanini kubicuruzwa birwanya impimbano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-03-2021
